JACK AND SOLOMON MEET THE GREAT ALLY
The Selectmen of Boston, seeing the city threatened with destruction,
had made terms with Washington for the British army. It was to be
allowed peaceably to abandon the city and withdraw in its fleet of one
hundred and fifty vessels. The American army was now well organized
and in high spirit. Washington waited on Dorchester Heights for the
evacuation of Boston to be completed. Meanwhile, a large force was
sent to New York to assist in the defense of that city. Jack and
Solomon went with it. On account of their physical condition, horses
were provided for them, and on their arrival each was to have a leave
of two weeks, "for repairs," as Solomon put it. They went up to Albany
for a rest and a visit and returned eager for the work which awaited
them.
They spent a spring and summer of heavy toil in building defenses and
training recruits. The country was aflame with excitement. Rhode
Island and Connecticut declared for independence. The fire ran across
their borders and down the seaboard. Other colonies were making or
discussing like declarations. John Adams, on his way to Congress, told
of the defeat of the Northern army in Canada and how it was heading
southward "eaten with vermin, diseased, scattered, dispirited, unclad,
unfed, disgraced." Colonies were ignoring the old order of things,
electing their own assemblies and enacting their own laws. The Tory
provincial assemblies were unable to get men enough together to make a
pretense of doing business.
In June, by a narrow margin, the Congress declared for independence, on
the motion of Richard Henry Lee of Virginia. A declaration was drafted
and soon adopted by all the Provincial Congresses. It was engrossed on
parchment and signed by the delegates of the thirteen states on the
second of August. Jack went to that memorable scene as an aid to John
Adams, who was then the head of the War Board.
He writes in a letter to his friends in Albany:
"They were a solemn looking lot of men with the exception of Doctor
Franklin and Thomas Jefferson of Virginia. The latter wore a
long-tailed buff coat with round gold buttons. He is a tall, big-boned
man. I have never seen longer arms than he has. His wrists and hands
are large and powerful.
"When they began to sign the parchment he smiled and said:
"'Gentlemen, Benjamin Franklin should have written this document. The
committee, however, knew well that he would be sure to put a joke in
it.'
"'Let me remind you that behind it all is the greatest joke in
history,' said the philosopher.
"'What is that?' Mr. Jefferson asked,
"'The British House of Lords,' said Franklin.
"A smile broke through the cloud of solemnity on those many faces, and
was followed by a little ripple of laughter.
"'The committee wishes you all to know that it is indebted to Doctor
Franklin for wise revision of the instrument,' said Mr. Jefferson.
"When the last man had signed, Mr. Jefferson rose and said:
"'Gentlemen, we have taken a long and important step. On this new
ground we must hang together to the end.'
"'We must all hang together or assuredly we shall all hang separately,'
said Franklin with that gentle, fatherly smile of his.
"Again the signers laughed.
"Last night I heard Patrick Henry speak. He thrilled us with his
eloquence. He is a spare but rugged man, whose hands have been used to
toil like my own. They tell me that he was a small merchant, farmer
and bar-keeper down in Virginia before he became a lawyer and that he
educated himself largely by the reading of history. He has a rapid,
magnificent diction, slightly flavored with the accent of the Scot."
2
In August, Howe had moved a part of his army from Halifax to Staten
Island and offensive operations were daily expected in Washington's
army. Jack hurried to his regiment, then in camp with others on the
heights back of Brooklyn. The troops there were not ready for a strong
attack. General Greene, who was in command of the division, had
suddenly fallen ill. Jack crossed the river the night of his arrival
with a message to General Washington. The latter returned with the
young Colonel to survey the situation. They found Solomon at
headquarters. He had discovered British scouts in the wooded country
near Gravesend. He and Jack were detailed to keep watch of that part
of the island and its shores with horses posted at convenient points so
that, if necessary, they could make quick reports.
Next day, far beyond the outposts in the bush, they tied their horses
in the little stable near Remsen's cabin on the south road and went on
afoot through the bush. Jack used to tell his friends that the
singular alertness and skill of Solomon had never been so apparent as
in the adventures of that day.
"Go careful," Solomon warned as they parted. "Keep a-goin' south an'
don't worry 'bout me."
"I thought that I knew how to be careful, but Solomon took the conceit
out of me," Jack was wont to say. "I was walking along in the bush
late that day when I thought I saw a move far ahead. I stopped and
suddenly discovered that Solomon was standing beside me.
"I was so startled that I almost let a yelp out of me.
"He beckoned to me and I followed him. He began to walk about as fast
as I had ever seen him go. He had been looking for me. Soon he slowed
his gait and said in a low voice:
"'Ain't ye a leetle bit car'less? An Injun wouldn't have no trouble
smashin' yer head with a tommyhawk. In this 'ere business ye got to
have a swivel in yer neck an' keep 'er twistin'. Ye got to know what's
goin' on a-fore an' behind ye an' on both sides. We must p'int fer
camp. This mornin' the British begun to land an army at Gravesend.
Out on the road they's waggin loads o' old folks an' women, an' babies
on their way to Brooklyn. We got to skitter 'long. Some o' their
skirmishers have been workin' back two ways an' may have us cut off.'"
Suddenly Solomon stopped and lifted his hand and listened. Then he
dropped and put his ear to the ground. He beckoned to Jack, who crept
near him.
"Somebody's nigh us afore an' behind," he whispered. "We better hide
till dark comes. You crawl into that ol' holler log. I'll nose myself
under a brush pile."
They were in a burnt slash where the soft timber had been cut some time
before. The land was covered with a thick, spotty growth of poplar and
wild cherry and brush heaps and logs half-rotted. The piece of timber
to which Solomon had referred was the base log of a giant hemlock
abandoned, no doubt, because, when cut, it was found to be a shell. It
was open only at the butt end. Its opening was covered by an immense
cobweb. Jack brushed it away and crept backward into the shell. He
observed that many black hairs were caught upon the rough sides of this
singular chamber. Through the winter it must have been the den of a
black bear. As soon as he had settled down, with his face some two
feet from the sunlit air of the outer world. Jack observed that the
industrious spider had begun again to throw his silvery veil over the
great hole in the log's end. He watched the process. First the outer
lines of the structure were woven across the edges of the opening and
made fast at points around its imperfect circle. Then the weaver
dropped to opposite points, unreeling his slender rope behind him and
making it taut and fast. He was no slow and clumsy workman. He knew
his task and rushed about, rapidly strengthening his structure with
parallel lines, having a common center, until his silken floor was in
place again and ready for the death dance of flies and bees and wasps.
Soon a bumble bee was kicking and quivering like a stricken ox on its
surface. The spider rushed upon him and buried his knives in the back
and sides of his prey. The young man's observation of this interesting
process was interrupted by the sound of voices and the tread of feet.
They were British voices.
"They came this way. I saw them when they turned," a voice was saying.
"If I had been a little closer, I could have potted both men with one
bullet."
"Why didn't you take a shot anyhow?" another asked.
"I was creeping up, trying to get closer. They have had to hide or run
upon the heels of our people."
A number of men were now sitting on the very log in which Jack was
hidden. The young scout saw the legs of a man standing opposite the
open end of the log. Then these memorable words were spoken:
"This log is good cover for a man to hide in, but nobody is hid in it.
There's a big spider's web over the opening."
There was more talk, in which it came out that nine thousand men were
crossing to Gravesend.
"Come on, boys, I'm going back," said one of the party. Whereupon they
went away.
Dusk was falling. Jack waited for a move from Solomon. In a few
minutes he heard a stir in the brush. Then he could dimly see the face
of his friend beyond the spider's web.
"Come on, my son," the latter whispered. With a feeling of real
regret, Jack rent the veil of the spider and came out of his
hiding-place. He brushed the silken threads from his hair and brow as
he whispered:
"That old spider saved me--good luck to him!"
"We'll keep clus together," Solomon whispered. "We got to push right
on an' work 'round 'em. If any one gits in our way, he'll have to
change worlds sudden, that's all. We mus' git to them hosses 'fore
midnight."
Darkness had fallen, but the moon was rising when they set out.
Solomon led the way, with that long, loose stride of his. Their
moccasined feet were about as noiseless as a cat's. On and on they
went until Solomon stopped suddenly and stood listening and peering
into the dark bush beyond. Jack could hear and see nothing. Solomon
turned and took a new direction without a word and moving with the
stealth of a hunted Indian. Jack followed closely. Soon they were
sinking to their knees in a mossy tamarack swamp, but a few minutes of
hard travel brought them to the shore of a pond.
"Wait here till I git the canoe," Solomon whispered.
The latter crept into a thicket and soon Jack could hear him cautiously
shoving his canoe into the water. A little later the young man sat in
the middle of the shell of birch bark while Solomon knelt in its stern
with his paddle. Silently he pushed through the lilied margin of the
pond into clear water. The moon was hidden behind the woods. The
still surface of the pond was now a glossy, dark plane between two
starry deeps--one above, the other beneath. In the shadow of the
forest, near the far shore, Solomon stopped and lifted his voice in the
long, weird cry of the great bush owl. This he repeated three times,
when there came an answer out of the woods.
"That's a warnin' fer ol' Joe Thrasher," Solomon whispered. "He'll go
out an' wake up the folks on his road an' start 'em movin'."
They landed and Solomon hid his canoe in a thicket.
"Now we kin skitter right long, but I tell ye we got purty clus to 'em
back thar."
"How did you know it?"
"Got a whiff o' smoke. They was strung out from the pond landing over
'crost the trail. They didn't cover the swamp. Must 'a' had a fire
for tea early in the evenin'. Wherever they's an Englishman, thar's
got to be tea."
Before midnight they reached Remsen's barn and about two o'clock
entered the camp on lathering horses. As they dismounted, looking back
from the heights of Brooklyn toward the southeast, they could see a
great light from many fires, the flames of which were leaping into the
sky.
"Guess the farmers have set their wheat stacks afire," said Solomon.
"They're all scairt an' started fer town."
General Washington was with his forces some miles north of the other
shore of the river. A messenger was sent for him. Next day the
Commander-in-Chief found his Long Island brigades in a condition of
disorder and panic. Squads and companies, eager for a fight, were
prowling through the bush in the south like hunters after game. A
number of the new Connecticut boys had deserted. Some of them had been
captured and brought back. In speaking of the matter, Washington said:
"We must be tolerant. These lads are timid. They have been dragged
from the tender scenes of domestic life. They are unused to the
restraints of war. We must not be too severe."
Jack heard the Commander-in-Chief when he spoke these words.
"The man has a great heart in him, as every great man must," he wrote
to his father. "I am beginning to love him. I can see that these
thousands in the army are going to be bound to him by an affection like
that of a son for a father. With men like Washington and Franklin to
lead us, how can we fail?"
The next night Sir Henry Clinton got around the Americans and turned
their left flank. Smallwood's command and that of Colonel Jack Irons
were almost destroyed, twenty-two hundred having been killed or taken.
Jack had his left arm shot through and escaped only by the swift and
effective use of his pistols and hanger, and by good luck, his horse
having been "only slightly cut in the withers." The American line gave
way. Its unseasoned troops fled into Brooklyn. There was the end of
the island. They could go no farther without swimming. With a British
fleet in the harbor under Admiral Lord Howe, the situation was
desperate. Sir Henry had only to follow and pen them in and unlimber
his guns. The surrender of more than half of Washington's army would
have to follow. At headquarters, the most discerning minds saw that
only a miracle could prevent it.
The miracle arrived. Next day a fog thicker than the darkness of a
clouded night enveloped the island and lay upon the face of the waters.
Calmly, quickly Washington got ready to move his troops. That night,
under the friendly cover of the fog, they were quietly taken across the
East River, with a regiment of Marblehead sea dogs, under Colonel
Glover, manning the boats. Fortunately, the British army had halted,
waiting for clear weather.
3
For nearly two weeks Jack was nursing his wound in Washington's army
hospital, which consisted of a cabin, a tent, a number of cow stables
and an old shed on the heights of Harlem. Jack had lain in a stable.
Toward the end of his confinement, John Adams came to see him.
"Were you badly hurt ?" the great man asked.
"Scratched a little, but I'll be back in the service to-morrow," Jack
replied.
"You do not look like yourself quite. I think that I will ask the
Commander-in-Chief to let you go with me to Philadelphia. I have some
business there and later Franklin and I are going to Staten Island to
confer with Admiral Lord Howe. We are a pair of snappish old dogs and
need a young man like you to look after us. You would only have to
keep out of our quarrels, attend to our luggage and make some notes in
the conference."
So it happened that Jack went to Philadelphia with Mr. Adams, and,
after two days at the house of Doctor Franklin, set out with the two
great men for the conference on Staten Island. He went in high hope
that he was to witness the last scene of the war.
In Amboy he sent a letter to his father, which said:
"Mr. Adams is a blunt, outspoken man. If things do not go to his
liking, he is quick to tell you. Doctor Franklin is humorous and
polite, but firm as a God-placed mountain. You may put your shoulder
against the mountain and push and think it is moving, but it isn't. He
is established. He has found his proper bearings and is done with
moving. These two great men differ in little matters. They had a
curious quarrel the other evening. We had reached New Brunswick on our
way north. The taverns were crowded. I ran from one to another trying
to find entertainment for my distinguished friends. At last I found a
small chamber with one bed in it and a single window. The bed nearly
filled the room. No better accommodation was to be had. I had left
them sitting on a bench in a little grove near the large hotel, with
the luggage near them. When I returned they were having a hot argument
over the origin of northeast storms, the Doctor asserting that he had
learned by experiment that they began in the southwest and proceeded in
a north-easterly direction. I had to wait ten minutes for a chance to
speak to them. Mr. Adams was hot faced, the Doctor calm and smiling.
I imparted the news.
"'God of Israel!' Mr. Adams exclaimed. 'Is it not enough that I have
to agree with you? Must I also sleep with you?'
"'Sir, I hope that you must not, but if you must, I beg that you will
sleep more gently than you talk,' said Franklin.
"I went with them to their quarters carrying the luggage. On the way
Mr. Adams complained that he had picked up a flea somewhere.
"'The flea, sir, is a small animal, but a big fact,' said Franklin.
'You alarm me. Two large men and a flea will be apt to crowd our
quarters.'
"In the room they argued with a depth of feeling which astonished me,
as to whether the one window should be open or closed. Mr. Adams had
closed it.
"'Please do not close the window,' said Franklin. 'We shall suffocate.'
"'Sir, I am an invalid and afraid of the night air,' said Adams rather
testily.
"'The air of this room will be much worse for you than that
out-of-doors,' Franklin retorted. He was then between the covers. 'I
beg of you to open the window and get into bed and if I do not prove my
case to your satisfaction, I will consent to its being closed.'
"I lay down on a straw filled mattress outside their door. I heard Mr.
Adams open the window and get into bed. Then Doctor Franklin began to
expound his theory of colds. He declared that cold air never gave any
one a cold; that respiration destroyed a gallon of air a minute and
that all the air in the room would be consumed in an hour. He went on
and on and long before he had finished his argument, Mr. Adams was
snoring, convinced rather by the length than the cogency of the
reasoning. Soon the two great men, whose fame may be said to fill the
earth, were asleep in the same bed in that little box of a room and
snoring in a way that suggested loud contention. I had to laugh as I
listened. Mr. Adams would seem to have been defeated, for, by and by,
I heard him muttering as he walked the floor."
Howe's barge met the party at Amboy and conveyed them to the landing
near his headquarters. It was, however, a fruitless journey. Howe
wished to negotiate on the old ground now abandoned forever. The
people of America had spoken for independence--a new, irrevocable fact
not to be put aside by ambassadors. The colonies were lost. The
concessions which the wise Franklin had so urgently recommended to the
government of England, Howe seemed now inclined to offer, but they
could not be entertained.
"Then my government can only maintain its dignity by fighting," said
Howe.
"That is a mistaken notion," Franklin answered; "It will be much more
dignified for your government to acknowledge its error than to persist
in it."
"We shall fight," Howe declared.
"And you will have more fighting to do than you anticipate," said
Franklin. "Nature is our friend and ally. The Lord has prepared our
defenses. They are the sea, the mountains, the forest and the
character of our people. Consider what you have accomplished. At an
expense of eight million pounds, you have killed about eight hundred
Yankees. They have cost you ten thousand pounds a head. Meanwhile, at
least a hundred thousand children have been born in America. There are
the factors in your problem. How much time and money will be required
for the job of killing all of us?"
The British Admiral ignored the query.
"My powers are limited," said he, "but I am authorized to grant pardons
and in every way to exercise the King's paternal solicitude."
"Such an offer shows that your proud nation has no flattering opinion
of us," Franklin answered. "We, who are the injured parties, have not
the baseness to entertain it. You will forgive me for reminding you
that the King's paternal solicitude has been rather trying. It has
burned our defenseless towns in mid-winter; if has incited the savages
to massacre our farmers' in the back country; it has driven us to a
declaration of independence. Britain and America are now distinct
states. Peace can be considered only on that basis. You wish to
prevent our trade from passing into foreign channels. Let me remind
you, also, that the profit of no trade can ever be equal to the expense
of holding it with fleets and armies."
"On such a basis I am not empowered to treat with you," Howe answered.
"We shall immediately move against your army."
The conference ended. The ambassadors and their secretary shook hands
with the British Admiral.
"Mr. Irons, I have heard much of you," said the latter as he held
Jack's hand. "You are deeply attached to a young lady whom I admire
and whose father is my friend. I offer you a chance to leave this
troubled land and go to London and marry and lead a peaceable,
Christian life. You may keep your principles, if you wish, as I have
no use for them. You will find sympathizers in England."
"Lord Howe, your kindness touches me," the young man answered. "What
you propose is a great temptation. It is like Calypso's offer of
immortal happiness to Ulysses. I love England. I love peace, and more
than either, I love the young lady, but I couldn't go and keep my
principles."
"Why not, sir?"
"Because we are all of a mind with our Mr. Patrick Henry. We put
Liberty above happiness and even above life. So I must stay and help
fight her battles, and when I say it I am grinding my own heart under
my heel. Don't think harshly of me. I can not help it. The feeling
is bred in my bones."
His Lordship smiled politely and bowed as the three men withdrew.
Franklin took the hand of the young man and pressed it silently as they
were leaving the small house in which Howe had established himself.
Jack, who had been taking notes of the fruitless talk of these great
men, was sorely disappointed. He could see no prospect now of peace.
"My hopes are burned to the ground," he said to Doctor Franklin.
"It is a time of sacrifice," the good man answered. "You have the
invincible spirit that looks into the future and gives all it has. You
are America."
"I have been thinking too much of myself," Jack answered. "Now I am
ready to lay down my life in this great cause of ours."
"Boy, I like you," said Mr. Adams. "I have arranged to have you safely
conveyed to New York. There an orderly will meet and conduct you to
our headquarters."
"Thank you, sir," Jack replied. Turning to Doctor Franklin, he added:
"One remark of yours to Lord Howe impressed me. You said that Nature
was our friend and ally. It put me in mind of the fog that helped us
out of Brooklyn and of a little adventure of mine."
Then he told the story of the spider's web.
"I repeat that all Nature is with us," said Franklin. "It was a sense
of injustice in human nature that sent us across the great barrier of
the sea into conditions where only the strong could survive. Here we
have raised up a sturdy people with three thousand miles of water
between them and tyranny. Armies can not cross it and succeed long in
a hostile land. They are too far from home. The expense of
transporting and maintaining them will bleed our enemies until they are
spent. The British King is powerful, but now he has picked a quarrel
with Almighty God, and it will go hard with him."